I roto i te ahumahi hou, hei taputapu hiko nui, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te pūwero hau i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa. Heoi, ko te whakapaunga pūngao o te pūwero hau te kaupapa matua o ngā umanga. Nā te pikinga ake o te mōhiotanga ki te taiao me te pikinga ake o ngā utu pūngao, kua noho ko te huarahi ki te penapena pūngao hei take matua i roto i te whakamahinga me te tiaki i ngā pūwero hau. Ka matapakihia e tēnei pepa ngā āhuatanga maha o te penapena pūngao o te pūwero hau, ka āwhina i ngā kaipānui ki te mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua o te penapena pūngao, me te whakatutuki i te mahi matomato me te whai hua o te pūwero hau. E mihi ana ki ngā arotake me ngā whakatikatika mō ngā ngoikoretanga.
I. te rongoā i te turuturu
E ai ki te whakatau tata, ko te turuturu toharite o te hau kōpeke i roto i te wheketere he 20%-30% te teitei, engari ko te turuturu o tētahi kōhao iti i roto i te 1mm², i raro i te pēhanga 7bar, tata ki te 1.5L/s, ka puta he mate ā-tau tata ki te 4000 yuan (mō ngā taputapu hau katoa, ngā ngongo, ngā hononga, ngā takirere, me ētahi atu). Nō reira, ko te mahi matua o te penapena pūngao ko te whakahaere i te turuturu, te tirotiro i ngā whatunga tuku me ngā pūwāhi hau katoa, inā koa ngā hononga, ngā takirere, me ētahi atu, kia tika ai te whakatika i te pūwāhi turuturu.
II. Te rongoā i te hekenga pēhanga
Ia wā ka pā te hau kōpeke mā roto i tētahi taputapu, ka ngaro te hau kōpeke, ā, ka heke te pēhanga o te pūtake hau. Ko te putanga whānui o te kōpeke hau ki te pūwāhi hau, kaua e neke ake i te 1bar te hekenga pēhanga, engari kaua e neke ake i te 10%, arā, 0.7bar, ko te wāhanga tātari matao-maroke o te hekenga pēhanga he 0.2bar te nuinga. Me whakarite e te wheketere te whatunga paipa mowhiti kia tae ki te tawhiti rawa atu, kia taurite te pēhanga hau i ia pūwāhi, ā, me mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei:
Mā te wāhanga paipa ka whakatūria he ine pēhanga hei kite i te pēhanga, tirohia te maturuturunga pēhanga o ia wāhanga me te taipitopito, ā, tirohia me te pupuri i te wāhanga whatunga paipa raruraru i te wā tika.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taputapu hau kōpeke me te aromatawai i te hiahia pēhanga o ngā taputapu hau, me whai whakaaro whānui ki te pēhanga tuku hau me te rahinga tuku hau, kaua hoki e whakanui noa i te pēhanga tuku hau me te mana katoa o ngā taputapu. Hei whakarite i te whakaputanga, me whakaiti te pēhanga putanga o te pūwero hau ki te mea e taea ana. Mā te whakaiti i te 1 pae o te pēhanga putanga o te pūwero hau ka penapena pūngao mā te 7% ~ 10%. Inaa, mēnā he 3~4 pae te kaha o ngā rango o te nuinga o ngā taputapu hau, me nui ake i te 6 pae te kaha o ētahi o ngā taputapu whakahaere.
Tuatoru, whakatikatikahia te whanonga o te whakamahinga hau
E ai ki ngā raraunga whai mana, ko te whai huatanga o te pūngao o te pūngao hau he tata ki te 10% noa iho, ā, tata ki te 90% o taua mea kua hurihia hei ngaronga pūngao wera. Nō reira, me arotake te taputapu hau o te wheketere, me te whakaaro mēnā ka taea te whakatau mā te tikanga hiko. I taua wā anō, me whakamutu ngā whanonga whakamahi hau koretake pēnei i te whakamahi i te hau kōpeke hei horoi i ia rā.
Tuawhā, tangohia te aratau whakahaere pokapū
He maha ngā pūwero hau e whakahaerehia ana e te pokapū, ā, ka whakahaerehia aunoa te maha o ngā waeine e rere ana i runga i te huringa o te kai hau. Mena he iti te maha, ka taea te whakamahi i te pūwero hau huri auau hei whakatika i te pēhanga; mena he nui te maha, ka taea te whakamahi i te mana whakahaere hononga pokapū hei karo i te pikinga o te pēhanga putanga hiko i puta mai i te tautuhinga tawhā o ngā pūwero hau maha, ka hua ake he moumou moni o te pūngao hau putanga. Ko ngā painga motuhake o te mana whakahaere pokapū koia ēnei:
Ina whakaitihia te nui o te hau e whakamahia ana ki tētahi rahinga, ka whakaitihia te hanga hau mā te whakaiti i te wā uta. Mēnā ka whakaitihia anō te nui o te hau e whakamahia ana, ka mutu aunoa te pēhi hau pai te mahi.
Whakaitihia te mana whakaputa o te rakau motuka: whakamahia te aratau whakahaere tere hurihanga auau hei whakaiti i te mana whakaputa o te rakau motuka. I mua i te whakawhiti, ka wete aunoa te pēhi hau ina tae ki te pēhanga kua whakaritea; i muri i te whakawhiti, kāore te pēhi hau e wete, engari ka whakaitihia te tere hurihuri, ka whakaitihia te whakaputanga hau me te pupuri i te pēhanga iti rawa o te whatunga hau, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga hiko mai i te wete ki te uta. I taua wā anō, ka whakaitihia te mahi a te motuka ki raro iho i te auau mana, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te mana whakaputa o te rakau motuka.
Whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu: whakamahia te taputapu penapena hiko whakawhiti auau, me te whakamahi i te mahi tīmatanga ngohengohe o te kaitahuri auau kia tīmata ai te iahiko tīmatanga mai i te kore, kia kaua hoki te mōrahi e neke ake i te iahiko kua whakatauria, kia whakaitihia ai te pānga o te whatunga hiko me ngā whakaritenga o te kaha tuku hiko, kia roa ake ai te ora o ngā taputapu me ngā takirere.
Whakaitihia te ngaronga o te mana tauhohe: ka piki ake te ngaronga o te raina me te whakamahana o ngā taputapu e te mana tauhohe o te motuka, ka iti ake te tauwehenga mana me te mana hohe, ka hua ake te whakamahinga koretake o ngā taputapu me te maumau nui. I muri i te whakamahinga o te taputapu whakahaere tere hurihanga auau, nā te mahi a te pūnga tātari ā-roto o te kaitahuri auau, ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te mana tauhohe, ā, ka taea hoki te whakanui ake i te mana hohe o te whatunga hiko.
5. Kia pai te mahi i roto i te tiaki taputapu
E ai ki te mātāpono whakahaere o te pūwero hau, ka mimiti te pūwero hau i te hau tūturu, ā, ka hanga he hau ma te pēhanga teitei mō ētahi atu taputapu i muri i te maimoatanga maha-wāhanga me te pēhanga maha-wāhanga. I roto i te tukanga katoa, ka pēhia tonutia te hau o te taiao, ka mimiti i te nuinga o te wera i hurihia e te hiko, kia piki ake ai te pāmahana o te hau pēhia. Kāore te pāmahana tiketike tonu e pai mō te mahi noa o ngā taputapu, nō reira me whakamatao tonu ngā taputapu. Nō reira, me mahi pai te tiaki me te horoi i ngā taputapu, me whakanui ake i te pānga whakamarara wera o te pūwero hau me te pānga whakawhiti o ngā whakawhiti wera matao-wai me te matao-hau, me te pupuri i te kounga hinu, kia pai ai te mahi penapena-pūngao, pumau me te haumaru o te pūwero hau.
VI. Te whakaora i te wera para
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te pūwero hau he motuka kore-tukutahi, he iti te tauwehenga mana, ko te nuinga kei waenganui i te 0.2 me te 0.85, ka tino rerekē tēnei i te huringa o te kawenga, ā, he nui te ngaronga pūngao. Mā te whakaora wera para o te pūwero hau ka taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana putanga o te pūwero hau, te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te pūwero hau, me te huringa mahi o te hinu whakamatao. I taua wā anō, ka taea te whakamahi i te wera kua whakahokia mai mō te whakamahana o te whare, te whakamahana wai whāngai poiha, te whakamahana tukanga, te whakamahana me ētahi atu wā, me ēnei painga:
Teitei o te whai huatanga whakaora: te whakaora rua o te wera o te hinu me te hau, he nui te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te wai tomo me te wai putanga, he nui te whai huatanga whakaora wera. Ka whakahokia katoatia te wera o te hinu me te hau o te pēhi hau, ā, ka huri tere, ka tika hoki te wai matao hei wai wera, ka tukuna ki te pūnaha rokiroki wai wera mā te paipa whakamahana, kātahi ka papua ki te pūwāhi wai wera e whakamahia ana i roto i te wheketere.
Te penapena wāhi: te hanganga whakamahana tika taketake, te tapuwae iti me te tāutanga watea.
Hanganga māmā: he iti te tere o te rahunga me te iti o te utu tiaki.
Te ngaronga pēhanga iti: ka whakamahia he taputapu whakaora wera para hau kōpeke tino whai hua hei whakatutuki i te korenga o te ngaronga pēhanga o te hau kōpeke me te kore e whakarerekē i te awa rere o te hau.
Mahi pumau: kia mau te pāmahana hinu ki te awhe mahi pai rawa atu kia mau ai te mahi a te pūwero hau.
Ka puritia te tere kawenga mōtini o te pūwero hau ki runga ake i te 80%, ka taea ai te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te penapena pūngao. Nō reira, me aro nui ki te mōtini whai hua, me te whakaiti i te kaha rere o te mōtini. Hei tauira:
Ko te whai huatanga o te whakamahi hiko o te motuka arataki momo-Y he 0.5% te iti iho i te motuka Jo noa, ā, ko te whai huatanga toharite o te motuka YX he 10%, arā, he 3% teitei ake i te motuka Jo.
Mā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi aukume he iti te whakapaunga pūngao, he pai hoki te kawe aukume ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga o te parahi, te rino me ētahi atu rauemi.
Ka ngaro te pai o te tuku i ngā tuku tawhito noa (te tuku whitiki-V me te tuku taputapu) ā, ka whakaiti i te mahi penapena hiko. Mā te putanga mai o te hanganga coaxial me te rotor o te motuka ka taea te whakaoti i te ngaronga hiko i puta mai i te tuku miihini me te whakanui ake i te rahinga hau. I te wa ano, ka taea hoki e ia te whakahaere i te tere hurihuri o te taputapu i roto i te whānuitanga katoa.
I te whiriwhiringa o te pūwero hau, me matua whakamahi te pūwero hau tīwiri whai hua. I runga i te whakamahinga o te hau whakaputa a ngā umanga, me whakaaro ki te whakamahinga o te hau i ngā wā pīki me ngā wā iti, me te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. He pai te pūwero hau tīwiri whai hua mō te penapena pūngao, ā, ka penapenahia e tōna motuka neke atu i te 10% te pūngao i te motuka whānui, ā, he painga anō hoki ko te pēhanga tonu o te hau, kāore he moumou i te rerekētanga pēhanga, te nui o te hau e werohia ana ki te nui o te hau, ā, kāore he uta me te tango, ā, neke atu i te 30% te penapena pūngao i te pūwero hau noa. Mēnā he nui te whakamahinga o te hau whakaputa, ka taea te whakamahi i te waeine pūwero, ka taea e te whai huatanga teitei me te rere nui te whakaiti i te raruraru o te korenga o te whakamahinga o te hau i te wā pīki.
VIII. Te whakarerekētanga o te pūnaha whakamaroke
He maha ngā ngoikoretanga o te pūnaha whakamaroke tuku iho, engari ka taea e ngā taputapu whakamaroke hou te whakamahi i te wera para o te pēhanga hau hei whakamaroke me te tango wai i te hau kōpeke, ā, neke atu i te 80% te tere penapena pūngao.
I roto i ngā kupu poto, ka pāngia te whakamahinga pūngao o te pūngao hau e ngā taputapu, te whakahaere mahi me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Mā te tātaritanga whānui, te whakaaro whānui, te whiriwhiri i ngā hangarau matatau, ngā tikanga whaitake me te whai hua me ngā mahi tautoko anake ka taea te whakarite kia penapena pūngao, kia pumau, kia haumaru hoki te mahi a te pūngao hau. I te whakamahi i ngā hangarau me ngā tikanga matatau pēnei i te whakahaere tere o te hurihanga auau, me mahi hoki ngā kaimahi i te mahi pai i roto i te whakahaere mahi me te tiaki i ngā taputapu o ia rā, te penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakamahinga i runga i te whakarite i te whakaputanga, kia pai ake ai ngā painga ōhanga me te pāpori.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-25-2024
